We can place languages on a spectrum from low-level to high-level, where low-level is "closer to the hardware". What this means is that the languages introduces less features and nice-to-haves. Usually this means you can get really high performance, but might make programming more challenging. A high level language has more abstractions usually making it easier to write but slower.
Assembly - The lowest of the low, interpreted as direct commands to the CPU
C - The lowest language that resembles modern programming languages
C++ - This was the language that introduced object oriented programming, templates, and exception handling.
Java - Running within a virtual machine, isolating the code execution from the system hardware. This reduces issues between systems. If the machine has Java installed, you should be good to go.